Betula pendula ‘Laciniata’ is a variety of the native rough ‘birch selected for its ornamental leaves. It is an attractive tree because of its attractive leaves, loosely drooping branches and open crown. In autumn, it is its white, flaking white bark that contrasts with the yellow incised leaves to give a beautiful autumn look. Betula pendula ‘Laciniata’ is perfect for (natural) gardens and parks with a native range. The rough birch thrives in different soil types, is heat-tolerant and tolerates full sun. It offers both aesthetic and ecological value due to its native origin.
The tree is head of its own family, the Betulaceae (Birch family), which consists of very early flowering trees of which the best known are Alnus (alder), Carpinus (hornbeam) and Corylus (hazel). They are also all pioneer species: the first plants to emerge after the soil has been disturbed by erosion, flooding or a volcanic eruption. Among other things, pioneer plants play a crucial role in the ecological succession of natural areas.
Named after its leaves
The cultivar name ‘Laciniata’ comes from Latin and stands for ‘deeply incised’, underlining the tree's graceful leaves. Its elongated shape and incised leaves make it look like the leaf of fern. There are more species of trees with such leaves, only the Betula has the contrast with its remarkable white bark.
Summer pruning and bleeding
Although birches are among the easiest trees to care for, there is an important rule to observe when pruning. Birches should not be pruned in spring - not even early! From the beginning of February, the sap flow gets going and pruning then causes ‘bleeding’: a very thin sap that flows out of the pruning wound and is almost unstoppable. Provided the pruning wounds are not too large, there will ultimately be little damage. With larger wounds, there will be adverse effects such as moderate growth and susceptibility to numerous diseases. Summer pruning does tolerate tree well, in which case no bleeding will occur.
Birches in our culture
Traditionally, birches have played a cultural role mainly in Germanic countries. For instance, the ‘maypole’ is originally a long birch stripped of its branches with only some green in the top. In northern Germany, the ‘Maibaumplflanzen’ (May Tree Planting) is still a living concept that takes place annually on 1 May. It symbolises fertility and renewal. A maypole is usually set at a central spot, such as a village square, often decorated with garlands. After setting the pole, there are festivities such as singing and dancing.
Culinary use
In culinary terms, the birch plays a minimal but remarkable role: it is one of the few trees from which drinkable sap can be tapped. Depending on the location, sap can be harvested from mid-February to April. Birch sap is easily tapped by drilling a hole in the tree and using a tube to tap the sap. Birch sap tastes sweet and can be drunk pure and is said to help with lethargy and spring fatigue. Its sweetness also makes it a great alternative to sugar.
Application and use
Because of wide applicability, birches are popular trees, suitable for cities, gardens and parks. They are also regally common as avenue trees. The maximum height of the tree is 12 to 15 metres high and 4 to 6 metres wide. The inconspicuous flowering falls from March to April, all the more striking is the seed that falls in mid-July. The tree drops two types of seeds: butterfly-shaped and swallow-shaped. Due to its drought and heat resistance, it is rightly a commonly used tree.
